3.Flight training
The actual start of training finally.Now, please got in the cockpit.
At least in the cockpit before the flight, please check the following.
Did you choose your favorite airplane?
Can I see around the cockpit?
Ailerons, elevators, flaps, slots, does it work properly?

3.2.Landing&takeoff

[Mastering the best part of flying an aircraft !]
The take-off and landing training at last.
Takeoff is "taxing" Once you become difficult if the master is not made available.
The landing technique "experience" and "Reading the future technology" and "Judgement" is tried.
Please be discouraged in your training.I think you can master the time addicted to the fun of flight simulators.



Before takeoff landing practice "stall" must be recognized for.
And "stall" for learning how to avoid from.
The plane can fly into the air lift to get on the air flow.
The wings are made of this little lift.
Stall when the airplane is flying(Including during takeoff and landing, of course), "artificial" or "wind effect" no longer means losing the lift of the surface air wings(Strictly speaking, the top surface).

[Why can happen stall?]

Case Ⅰ Low Speed
Cause of stall How to Recovery
  1. If a gust of tail wind blowing in slow flight, takeoff and landing.
  2. The aircraft "stall speed" If you had to speed down below (operator error)
At low altitudes there is no way unfortunately.
If more than 3000ft altitude, nose face down until the idle throttle stop.(State dive)
Wait for it to recover to control the aircraft airspeed can.
Increase the output gradually pull the stick after recovering speed.
The important thing is that the operating point gradually panic.
Case Ⅱ Excessive angle of attack
Cause of stall How to Recovery
Repatriation of the nose angle of attack increased rapidly.
(Note particularly during takeoff and landing)		 Basically the same phenomenon at low speed.
This case is a sharp stick to abstain from action because most human errors.
Case Ⅲ Anharmonic turn
Cause of stall How to Recovery
Short turn (turn of bank) at the slip, skid stall the wing.(Most fall into a spin) As a method of prevention is always turning when the "Turn　Coordinator" is to try to turn to monitor the balance.
Earnestly, control stick operation is taboo.
Might develop into a horizontal spin.
Effective way of recovering from almost no horizontal spin.Please be careful.
If you fall into a spin, please assess the direction of rotation is falling calmly take your hand off the control stick.
Please step into the ladder to the fullest spin rotation.
After that, just pray to God to stop spinning.
When the spinning stops "Case Ⅰ" and "Case Ⅱ"-like operations and how to recover.
fig-3.2.1

[Indication of airspeed during takeoff]
Takeoff and landing speed was determined as the term "aircraft speed names" and "speed according to the performance of each aircraft," has been determined.
Before boarding the fig-3.2.2 Please be sure to keep checking the data.
The data described here, the training aircraft (Cessna) for a reference.
Speed Name Sign Explanation
Gear / Flap Down Stalling speed Vs0 Maximum weight at a minimum speed data for reciprocating aircraft.
Can not be flying over this speed.
During?the?landing, please?take care?always.
At low?altitude,?thisleads?to?crash?and?break?the?speed.
Gear / Flap Up Stalling speed Vs1 Stall at cruising speed.
Takeoff decision speed
(Vs0x1.15 level) 		V1 MUST be having trouble on the lift reaches this speed.
"V1" If you experience problems before they reach and take emergency measures to stop soon.
Rotation speed
(Vs0x1.2 level) 		Vr Pulled up the aircraft from takeoff speed.
Liftoff speed
(Vs0x1.2 level) 		Vlof The speed of the aircraft leaves the runway.
Takeoff safety speed
(Vs0x1.3 level) 		V2 The plane left the ground, safe takeoff speed is continued.
Cruising speed (Vs0x1.6 level) At optimum cruising speed.
The school is trying to speed this speed exercises.
Exceeded speed limit Design of the aircraft, speed is not over.
Breakup may be greater than This speed.
Minimum flight speed
(Vs1x1.2 level) 		Vmc This is cruising at minimum speed.
This speed is below the stall.
Landing speed (Vs0x1.3 level) Vref Landing approach speed of up to 50ft altitude.
Then, slowly lift the nose "flare" * 1the land down to the speed we Vs0.
Flap speed available Drop off at low speed and use the flaps to improve lift.
Except for air combat fighter flap, the flap has been determined the rate at which damage to the flap down at high speed.
Please keep checking the data, so they each aircraft.
Gear down speed The landing gear down fast enough.
Please note that no operation could result in damaging the gear at speeds less than stated.
fig-3.2.2
*1 "flare"is said to allow operation from a tail wheel landing close to stall speed and the speed off(increasing the angle of attack) control stick just before the plane landed.



Training conditions
Please prepare the following before training.
Training runway :Select the airport runway is more than 1500m away, where there are no buildings Choose and surrounding mountains.
Flap angle take-off :Model (in the large aircraft weight) can be modified by, please leave a check angle or stages.
Various data speed :Please fig-3.2.2 Survey data referring to the speed of the aircraft data.
Speed data is a reference value of this training Cessna 172 type.
Training Items: Take off
Objectives / Training procedures Knack of technical improvement Required
credits
Objectives
  • Do not operate the throttle rapidly.
  • take-off speed (VR) does not even pull off the stick immediately reached.
  • Please pull the control stick not too much.
  • After takeoff, the landing gear's add a fry habit immediately.
50 times
[Practice Time]
3 hours
Reciprocating aircraft take off and train operations.
Training procedures
  1. Lower the angle of takeoff flaps.
  2. Release the parking brake.
  3. The full throttle and aircraft quickly, so we will start moving slowly push the throttle. Adjust the rudder to go straight on the runway.
  4. Note the takeoff decision speed airspeed (V1=54kt) upset before, make sure that no problem.* 1
  5. "takeoff decision speed（V1）" over "Rotation speed（VR=５6ｋｔ）" Wait for takeoff on the nose gently pull control stick reached.
    3 ~ 4 ° angle on the nose with a guide please.
  6. Gear immediately after takeoff UP please. (This is not the Cessna)
  7. "Takeoff safety speed (V2 = 60kt) " reached on the flaps, throttle stop adjusted to 300ft Until the rise in 60kt.
  8. The transition to level flight control stick back slowly approach the cruise altitude.
  9. After level flight, cruising speed (75kt) and adjust the slot.
fig-3.2.3
Training Items: Scramble takeoff
Objectives / Training procedures Knack of technical improvement Required
credits
Objectives
  • Do not operate the throttle rapidly.
  • take-off speed (VR) does not even pull off the stick immediately reached.
  • Please pull the control stick not too much.
  • After takeoff, the landing gear's add a fry habit immediately.
50 times
[Practice Time]
4 hours
Military aircraft and, when used in short takeoff.
Training procedures
  1. Lower the flaps at all angles.
  2. Release the parking brake.
  3. Foot brake (both) the depression.
  4. Increase the throttle to maximum power slowly.
    Wait for a while to rev up the ladder in the direction of adjustment.
  5. After reaching the maximum rotation, release the brake.
  6. Note the takeoff decision speed airspeed (V1=54kt) upset before, make sure that no problem.* 1
  7. "takeoff decision speed（V1）" over "Rotation speed（VR=５6ｋｔ）" Wait for takeoff on the nose gently pull control stick reached. 3 ~ 4 ° angle on the nose with a guide please.
  8. Gear immediately after takeoff UP please. (This is not the Cessna)
  9. "Takeoff safety speed (V2 = 60kt) " reached on the flaps, throttle stop adjusted to 300ft Until the rise in 60kt.
  10. The transition to level flight control stick back slowly approach the cruise altitude.
  11. After level flight, cruising speed (75kt) and adjust the slot.
fig-3.2.4
＊１ "takeoff decision point (V1) ", and even if intended to cause problems, the emergency stop (idle slots, braking), keep practicing operate.




Training requirements
Landing operations The training will be required many times as it requires getting used to.
Work hard to have patience.
"training cruise", "train circling" so have not to start from the runway along Furaitoshimu settings.("Free Flight Mode" setting, etc.)
10 miles away from the runway altitude 5000ft, speed 190Kt Please start setting level.
If you can not be set in the convenience of a flight sim, the next training "Traffic, " remembers the turning operation in the cruise to learn.
Then be able to steer the aircraft on landing a starting point for climbing turn after takeoff, "landing training" Please conduct.
This training is for reference data to the speed of the Cessna 172 type.

Training Items: Gliding
Objectives / Training procedures Knack of technical improvement Required
credits
Objectives
  • Pull the control stick while watching the airspeed slowly.
  • Vs0, Vs1 please always conscious.
  • "AOA indicator" descent attitude (angle), please note.
50 times
[Practice Time]
3 hours
The aircraft naturally descent to idle slots (gliding) to learn the speed and descent condition.
Training procedures
  1. Stretch back to the idle throttle.
  2. Increase the angle of attack slowly pull control stick "minimum flight speed (Vmc) " maintain.
  3. While the aircraft descent "minimum flight speed (Vmc) " to maintain the attitude (pitch) controls.
  4. Full flap flap position to change "attitude gliding descent" Please remember. Also, gear down ""position gliding descent"" Please practice them stay.
  5. When you descent to about 1000ft, 5000ft please repeat the practice rose to gliding descent.
fig-3.2.5
Training Items: Glideslope * 1 ride
Objectives / Training procedures Knack of technical improvement Required
credits
Objectives
  • Advance "landing point" Please descent for there to be assumed.
  • During descent, if you exceed the speed slows down to increase the angle of attack.
50 times
[Practice Time]
3 hours
It is a practice landing point for the descent of the runway.
Training procedures
  1. 3 ~ 4 ° angle of descent to adjust the pitch of the landing speed (60kt) and adjust the throttle.
  2. Each step down the flap. Degree angle of descent down the flap, so that the pitch constant speed, adjust the throttle.
  3. The final descent down the gear position in full flap. Maintain the angle of descent and landing speed is also at this time.
  4. High angle of climb 500ft 3 ~ 4 ° reached up to adjust the gear pitch to increase take-off speed (60kt) increases in. (go-around)
  5. Pull up the whole flap is raised while the aircraft.(keep the throttle to adjust the rate of rise)
  6. When approaching 5000ft altitude (about 4950ft) and then slowly level flight pitch operation.
  7. Repeat this sequence of practice.
fig-3.2.6
Training Items: Landing
Objectives / Training procedures Knack of technical improvement Required
credits
Objectives
  • 50ft high, please put the flare slowly. The crash and stall angle of attack too high.
  • "landing point"target landing point for training must be able to decide.
150 times
[Practice Time]
10 hours
Speed and angle of descent for landing when it has been determined by the model, we recommend that you check the data of the aircraft.
Training procedures
(numeric data, please reference below.)
  1. Altitude 800ft, 2.5 miles away from the runway, landing from a cruising speed of 75kt start.
  2. Flaps down and landing slots to adjust the speed (60kt) 3 ~ 4 ° angle of descent take the descent starts on glideslope.
  3. Full flaps, gear down and landing speed (60kt) to maintain the descent.
  4. 50ft high throttle back a little take place a flare angle of attack is reached.
  5. Wait until the landing flare the tail-wheel landing around the throttle back slowly.
  6. After landing, the wheels brakes throttle back to idle.
  7. Please do not lift up the flap again soon.
  8. After the operation and taxiing.
fig-3.2.7