Excerpts from the following two articles that caused great sensation in the world. They are taken up frequently by both denial debaters and affirmative ones. The first articles in 1983 and five objections to it in commentary in 1984 with the objection from Beardmore.
The important point here is that Nature magazine had not made any conclusion.
The general conclusion seems to be that there can be no general conclusion.
The First
article -- January 10, 1998Title: "ABO genes are differentially distributed in
socio-econimic groups in England" Nature, Vol. 303,
pp. 522-524, 1983
Authors: J. A. Beardmore & F. Karimi-Booshehri, Department of Genetics, University
College of Swansea
J. A. Beardmore and F. Karimi-Booshehri in UK studied the relationship between ABO blood type and socio-ecomic status. Subjects were 9,691 people in UK.
Five
Objections -- January 10, 1998Then, next five objections. The beginning is the contribution by joint signatures of the next two persons.
Data were from National Child Development Study, a week March 3-9 of 1958. According to them, it seems there is no relationship between ABO blood type and social class.
However, it seems that there is less Type As
more Type Os in upper social class of Mother's own migrant and Father's social class
migrant. If my hypothesis is applied to these data, the first paper is not funny even if
the trend differs, because region and times were different. Namely:
That is not trend, maybe, because P is greater than 5% -- not significant data. |
Number two is objections by joint signatures of three persons.
Jean Golding, Penny Hicks, N. R. Butler, Department of Child Health, University of Bristol
I can't make any objections (sigh). But, I wonder how occupation classification is done.
The third contribution is from the U. S. A.
James D. Hawkins, Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, San Jose
The fourth contribution is from Chile.
Carlos Y. Valenzuela, Department de Biologia, Celular Genetica, Facultad de Medicina
They assert the difference of social class is not caused by blood type but is caused by the difference of migrants and natives. The way of dividing of migrants and natives of the original paper are presenting such doubt. Natives are said to be more in lower social class in Chile. It may be true, because England is receiving the invasions of many foreign countries and/or races many times, certainly.
The last contribution is from America.
John Harting, Department Anesthesiology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 10009, USA.
Social classes are fixed and then they form probably different gene-groups, they said. Certainly, European social classes are said to be not so mobile.
Re-objection
from the First Authors -- January 10, 1998I introduce it briefly because it becomes to long.
Also, they showed Table 5 to proof that data check is carrying out it properly. It is you who judge which is correct!
Comments --
January 10, 1998Watching the data of the first paper, certainly more Type As are in the upper class. My thought is close to the first paper's one. I consider data of the first paper is fairly reliable. The distribution of blood type differs by social class obviously, if my hypothesis is correct. Yet, the trend varies by region and times. Sometimes there is no difference. It is not surprising, even if such data appear, because the difference of personality by blood type has such a nature. Namely:
The above is my summary and comments. Mr. NOMI may have the same comments.
E-mail: abofan@js2.so-net.ne.jp
