Live Right for Your Type (March
17, 2007)* Some part of this page requires Japanese fonts.
Fantastic! Dr. Peter J. D'Adamo had published a really epoch-making book. With this book, the blood-type-and-personality dispute have been almost settled…
Then I'll pick up several main parts that related to blood type and personality.
Japanese believe there is a direct relationship between blood type and personality. Talk shows, cartoon characters and Web sites often carry references to blood type. In 1997, four of five major private television stations in Japan broadcast blood type-related programs...
This seems to be information from ABOFAN (English version) .... Probably a website will be ABOFAN; and quotation "In 1997 ... " is obviously from ABOFAN. Oh, is it good?
The internationally renowned Japanese cartoon Sailor Moon, by Naoko Takeuchi, mentioned the blood types....
Huh, Sailor Moon is really world-famous. Sailor Moon was broadcasted not only in Asia and France, but also in U.S.A.
Many of Nomi's characterizations are based on the simple observation of thousands of individuals, often for days at a time. While this method may not be sufficient to meet strict scientific standards, it is certainly meaningful...
Dr. D'Adamo admits that Mr. Nomi is right -- at least a part of. It seems to be different from psychologists of some country.... A big reason is that Dr.'s father does similar observation, maybe.
Next is comparison of personalities according to blood type.
Blood Type-Personality Characterizations
TYPE O TYPE A TYPE B TYPE AB Masahiko Nomi Extroverted
Strong
ExpressiveIntroverted
Perfectionist
RestrainedFree-thinking
Independent
Lacking
ambitionSensitive
Distant
PassivePeter Constantine Extroverted
OutspokenIntroverted
Reserved
CalmPragmatic
OrganizedBalance of extroversion and introversion Raymond Cattell Stable Prone to anxiety Self-sufficient Alienated Hans Eysenck Extroverted Calm Highly emotional Introverted Blood Type-Personality Test as www.dadamo.com Extroverted
Practical
Decisive
Lives in the presentIntroverted
Sensitive to the needs of othersFeeling
Flexible
Spontaneous
SubjectiveFeeling
Intuitive
But meaning seems to be slightly different from original Japanese words. Is it my imagination?
The testing group demographics of www.dadamo.com
Total 20,635 Total Female 15,255 Total Male 5,380 The demographics by blood type
A AB B O 7187 1473 2809 9166 34.83% 7.14% 13.61% 44.42%
I show you the numbers of samples of Dr. D'Adamo's questionnaire just to make sure. I think there were relatively less type As and/or men. It is my imagination, maybe.
A Fairly reliable synthesis of personality characteristics by blood type [in Japanese]
TYPE O TYPE A TYPE B TYPE AB Extroverted [外向的]
Strong [強い]
Leader [リーダー]
Confident [自信のある]
Pragmatic [実用的]
Strategic [戦略的]
Patient [辛抱強い]
Logical [論理的]Introverted [内向的]
Intense [緊張している]
Demanding [要求する]
Perfectionist [完全主義者]
Sensitive [敏感]
Cooperative [協力的]
Creative [創造的]Independent [独立心旺盛]
Free Thinking [自由に考える]
Resilient [柔軟]
Creative [創造的]
Original [独創的]
Subjective [主観的]
Inveterate organizer [組織者]Intuitive [直感的]
Emotional [感情的]
Passionate [情感的]
Friendly [親切な]
Trusting [信頼できる]
Empathetic [共感的]
Next is scientific grounds.
Type O's difficultly eliminating the catecholamines, noradrenaline and adrenaline in conditions of stress has direct implications of mental disorders. Current research suggests that the problem is related to the activity of an enzyme called dopamine beta hydoroxylase (DBH), which converts dopamine to noradrenaline. Remarkably, the gene for DBH is located at 9q34. It's literally sitting on top of the gene for blood type....
My commentary is unnecessary. The gene for DBH which affects dopamine and the gene for ABO blood type is located at the same place: 9q34. In other words, blood type and personalities maybe related for this reason. The original article is this:
Cytogenet Cell Genet 1988;48(1):48-50
Localization of the human dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) gene to chromosome 9q34.
Craig SP, Buckle VJ, Lamouroux A, Mallet J, Craig IW
Next will go according to blood type. At first it is type O.
Blood Type O and MAO
MAO levels show some variability according to blood type, and again the consequences seem much more significant for Type Os. A 1983 study of seventy healthy young males showed that the platelet MAO activity of Type O subjects was substantially lower than that of other blood types-having the effect of making the control of catecholamines more difficult for Type Os.
The original article is this:
Arato, M., G. Bagdy, Z. Rihmer, Z. Kulcsar. "Reduced platelet MAO activity in healthy male students with blood group O." Acta Psychiatr Scand, February 1983; 67(2): pp. 130-34.
A person with low MAO value is said to be more alcohol dependent, seek thrills, adventurous, extrovert, aggressive and smoking tendency.
Monoamine seems to affect personality. For example, N- acetylgalactosamine is added to type-O material by a work of type-A transferase (α -N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase) which an type-A gene influences, and quality of type-A patternized stage is generated. Of course N-acetylgalactosamine is monoamine. It is no wonder if there is some relationship between blood platelet MAO and personailty.
The second is type A.
Type A: The Cortisol Factor
In one imaginative study, the researchers decided to study the levels of cortisol made by the different blood types in response to a stress. The "stress" they chose was economical and imaginative-having blood drawn. Since getting blood drawn is stressful for most people, they figured they could stress subjects and test their blood levels in one step. The result: serum cortisol concentration was the highest in Type As (average 455 nmol/L), as opposed to Type Os (297 nmol/L). As we might expect, Types B and AB were somewhat in the middle, with Type B (364 nmol/L) closer to Type A, and Type AB (325 nmol/L) closer to Type O.
The original article is this:
Sapse, A. T. "Stress, cortisol, interferon and stress diseases. I. Cortisol as the cause of stress diseases." Med Hypotheses, January 1984; 13(1): pp. 31-44.
The last are Type B and AB
Type B and Type AB:
The Nitric Oxide Factor
New research suggests that the mental processes of those who carry the B antigen may also be influenced by the nitric oxide molecule...
Recently, two notations in the medical journal Lancet reported that patients who possessed a B antigen (Type B and Type AB) appeared to clear nitric oxide more rapidly than the other blood types when it was administered through inhalation therapy for certain pulmonary conditions. 25
The authors or the Lancet pieces had no clue as to why there might be a relationship between the B gene and the activity of nitric oxide, yet one of the possible answers lies right next to the ABO gene on 9q34. It is a gene for the enzyme arigonosuccinate synthetate (ASS), which is critically responsible for the recycling or arginine.
The original article is this. Interesting enough, it is Japanese one:
Expression of a blood group B antigen-related glycoepitope in human dorsal root ganglion cells. Yamada M, N. Yuki, T. Kamata, Y. Itoh, T. Miyatake, Department of Neulogy, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
The following is what I categorize the above.
I have some data of No.3 on hand, so I'll try to check reappearance here.
Type-A behavior patterns
At first, an article of Mr. Masao Ohmura. I have calculated the data and the result is clear: Type-O men surely have more type-A personality (= easy to feel stress; Coronary Heart Disease, CHD; not blood type). I did it!
The original article is this:
Ohmura, M., A Psychological study of "blood type temperament correlation theory" and "blood type humanics" II, 1993, Bulletin of Nihon Univ., Vol.46, pp115-155, 1993.
in Japanese: 大村政男 1993 「血液型気質相関説」と「血液型人間学」の心理学的研究II
Type-A behaviors according to blood type (average percentage of affirmative replies, male; highest value in bold)
Type O
N=183Type A
N=227Type B
N=153Type AB
N=6546.6%
43.3%
43.0%
41.6%
|
|
|
Blood |
Blood |
|
Affirmative replies |
46.6 % |
43.0 % |
|
Total affirmative replies |
1,193 |
2,677 |
|
Total replies |
2,562 |
6,230 |
Standard deviation of type Os
becomes SQRT (0.5*0.5/2,562) = 0.0099.
Let's assume the confidence interval as 5%. The difference
between type Os and non type Os is 0.036, which is larger than 5% confidence
interval; 0.0099*1.96=0.019.
Therefore, we got a significant result.
There is another method. Blood type Os show the best affirmation rate in 10 of 14 items. The probability is:
(1/4)14+14C1(3/4)(1/4)13+14C2(3/4)2(1/4)12+14C3(3/4)3(1/4)11+14C4(3/4)4(1/4)10=0.00034
Therefore, in any case, we are able to dismiss the null hypothesis at the significant level of less than 5%.
Original ArticlesThe original article is this:
Ohmura, M., A Psychological study of "blood type temperament correlation theory" and "blood type humanics" II, 1993, Bulletin of Nihon Univ., Vol.46, pp115-155, 1993.
in Japanese: 大村政男 1993 「血液型気質相関説」と「血液型人間学」の心理学的研究II
Excerpts from "Blood group and type-A behaviors."
Purpose and methods:
It is well known that human behavior patterns for present stress society gives important accumulative influence to personalities. The purpose of this study tries to inspect whether Type-A behavior patterns which promote to cause coronary heart disease (CHD) is related with blood type.
Characteristics of Type-A behaviors will be understood if you read 14 items which I showed in Table IV-1…
It is thought that many biological factors and physiological mechanisms participate in a process to tie Type-A behaviors to CHD. It is supposed that excitement of excessive sympathetic nerve brought by this behaviors, and adrenal medulla hormones -- especially norepinephrine -- carries an important role to mediate this process particularly, and more investigation is desirable. Then how will with blood type?
Items about Type-A behaviors used in this study are shown on Table IV-1.
Subjects will reply these 14 items by two-case method of yes-no. Scores are distributed from point 0 to 14. I decide to inspect affirmative answers every 14 items according to blood type.
It is, of course, inappropriate, because diagnosis of Type-A behavior do need more items than listed here. Questionnaires are ineffective when there are not many items. However, I will decide to depend on 14 items here.Table IV-1 14 items about Type-A behaviors
1. I will be never late for the time when I once promised.
2. I have a strong sense of rivalry.
3. I usually break in on other people's conversation.
4. I always hurry (hasty).
5. When I should wait, I cannot wait.
6. I use every means to accomplish things.
7. I do many jobs and think about the next job simultaneously.
8. I am quick in action.
9. I prefer severe and dynamic way of life.
10. I tend to show feelings in my face and movement.
11. I am interested in various things.
12. I want to succeed socially.
13. I speak energetically.
14. I want to be recognized as "a capable person".
Subjects are students of Nihon University. The number of subjects according to blood type is shown in Table IV-2.
Table IV-2 Subjects of this study Unit: person
Sex
Type O Type A Type B Type AB Total Male 183 227 153 65 628 Female 52 73 44 20 189
Results I decide to gather up affirmative answers of Table IV-1 persons of each blood type about 14 items here.
Table IV-3 Relationship between Type-A behaviors and blood type (male, partially abbreviated) Unit: percent
Items
Type O
N=183Type A
N=227Type B
N=153Type AB
N=651
57.9
45.4
51.0
49.2
2
56.8
48.0
46.4
44.6
3
20.2
15.9
13.1
13.8
4
23.0
25.6
21.6
27.7
5
23.5
20.3
19.0
16.9
6
44.8
44.5
41.8
36.9
7
33.9
31.3
32.7
24.6
8
39.3
41.0
43.1
40.0
9
25.1
19.8
23.5
16.9
10
43.7
39.2
43.8
53.8
11
92.9
89.4
87.6
84.6
12
95.6
87.7
90.2
81.5
13
30.6
35.7
31.4
32.3
14
64.5
63.0
56.9
60.0
Table IV-4 Relationship between Type-A behaviors and blood type (female, partially abbreviated) Unit: percent
Items
Type O
N=52Type A
N=73Type B
N=44Type AB
N=201
30.8
45.2
36.4
25.0
2
30.8
37.0
34.1
30.0
3
19.2
19.2
11.4
30.0
4
9.6
30.1
22.7
30.0
5
15.4
16.4
13.6
20.0
6
34.6
27.4
31.8
35.0
7
38.5
24.7
34.1
40.0
8
40.4
31.5
29.5
40.0
9
13.5
11.0
20.5
10.0
10
36.5
31.5
45.5
35.0
11
84.6
75.3
97.7
80.0
12
82.7
86.3
90.9
95.0
13
30.8
24.7
34.1
25.0
14
59.6
58.9
70.5
75.0
Next, I'll introduce an American article.
The result (somehow male subjects only) seems be O, B, A in order with higher ratios. In other words, blood type As are least like type A :-). Type ABs was not written, probably because there were few numbers in the U. S. A.
South Med J 1991 Feb;84(2):214-8
Relationship between blood groups and behavior patterns in men who have had myocardial infraction.
Neumann JK, Chi DS, Arbogast BW, Kostrzewa RM, Harvill LM
In China, no relationship was reported. This is probably because subjects are both men and women. It says "among 129 student and their family members of our college, we use effective 121 persons; 59 males, 62 females, the age, 20-65 years old, the average are 27.9 years old."
Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1991 Mar;22(1):93-6
[Study on relationship between human ABO blood groups and type A behavior pattern].
[Article in Chinese]
Mao X, Xu M, Mu S, Ma Y, He M
Because numbers of males and females are almost the same, the result (not significant) does not seem to contradict conventional data. The following is the data (unfortunately, males and females are combined).
Table 1 Relationship between ABO blood group and type-A behavior pattern
Behavior
patternBlood Type
Total
A
B
O
AB
A
9
21
14
5
49
B
19
22
28
3
72
Total
28
43
42
8
121
By the way, I find an interesting thing. In the article of Mr. Masao Omura, a totally different tendency appears with females!
Relationship between Type-A behaviors and blood type (male, highest value in bold)
Type O
N=183Type A
N=227Type B
N=153Type AB
N=6546.6
43.3
43.0
41.6
Relationship between Type-A behaviors and blood type (female, highest value in bold)
Type O
N=52Type A
N=73Type B
N=44Type AB
N=2037.6
37
.140.9
40.7
We must conclude that a totally reverse result appears by sex. In other words, we should add up data according to males and females separately.
J Am Med Assoc. 1978 December 1;240(23):2548-52
Myocardial infarction and other vascular diseases in young women.
Jick H, Dinan B, Herman R, Rothman KJ.
In addition, women with blood type O seem to be like "type A" most, and the result is reverse to men. This is only a suggestion, because I have not obtained the article.
To simplify calculation, I sort out data type O from non type O.
Relationship between Type-A behaviors and blood type (female, highest value in bold)
Type O
N=52Non O
N=13737.6
38.8
Now, remember my five conditions:
1. Homogeneous subjects (social position, age, region etc.)
2. The number of subjects is more than several hundred (more than one thousand and ratio of each blood types are the same, if possible)
3. Choose the personality description of Mr. Nomi.
4. Results does not correspond to Mr. Nomi's description ("language" does not represent "personality") -- also affected by culture and country etc.
5. Estimate statistical errors -- they are much larger than expected.
Because answers by blood type are totally different with males and females, differences are hard to appear without homogeneous subjects. I have so easily demonstrate it. I myself was surprised, too. (^^)
There is another interesting finding:
Relationship between Type-A behaviors and blood type (male - female, highest value in bold)
Type O
Type A
Type B
Type AB
9.0
6.2
2.9
0.9
In other words, differences by sex are type O > type A > type B > type AB in order. The results accord with the observation by Mr. Nomi -- type Os are most different --, too. I was really surprised!
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<Appendix>
I write this just to make sure not to misunderstand. It is not only MAO that affect personalities. Even if MAO affects brain materials, the influence may not appear straightly, because there are so many kind of acceptors. Therefore, I do not think there is an easy conclusion. In any case, Mr. Nomi's observation is correct this time, it will take long time to explain all personalities scientifically, judging from this MAO's case.
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Last update: March 18, 2007.
E-mail: abofan@js2.so-net.ne.jp
